Безопасный полнотекстовый поиск в базе данных Joomla
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Часто приходится писать расширения, которые используют полнотекстовый поиск по базе данных. Один из таких компонентов — это поиск по сайту. Тут нельзя обойтись простым экранированием, а строка может содержать специфические символы. Для этих целей обычно пользуются LIKE — что очень не безопасно. Попробуем разобраться, как уменьшить риск полнотекстового поиска по базе данных Joomla.
Но как не крути конструкцию LIKE %…% приходится использовать для поиска по базе данных Joomla. Некоторая сложность возникает если мы попытаемся искать специальные символы, который по идее нужно экранировать перед использованием в MySQL-запросах. Существует два основных метода класса JDatabase, которые призваны помочь нам: getEscaped() — для экранирования спец символов и Quote() для обрамления кавычками. Например
// получаем объект базы данных
$db =& JFactory::getDBO();
// подготовка строки для поиска
$escaped = $db->getEscaped($searchFor, true);
$quoted = $db->Quote('%' . $escaped . '%', false);
// собираем запрос
$like = $db->nameQuote('columnName') . ' LIKE ' . $quoted;
Обычно, когда мы используем JDatabase:Quote(), в нашей строке автоматически экранируются специальные символы. Такие символы как «%" (процент) и «_» (подчеркивание) тоже будут верно экранированы при использовании второго параметра (в примере выше он установлен на «false»). Если это не сделать, то запрос будет выполнен с ошибкой. Для того чтобы верно использовать эту строку воспользуемся методом JDatabase:getEscaped(), в качестве второго параметра которого принимается необязательный параметр, который указывает были ли экранированы спец символы «%" и «_». После этого собираем запрос полностью, обрамляя обработанные строки знаком «%», кавычками и формируем весь запрос.
Для того чтобы более яснее разобрать что произошло с переменными, предлагаем вам ознакомиться с таблицей ниже.
| Имя переменой | Значение переменной |
| $searchFor |
We are 25% through the_chapter |
| $escaped |
We are 25\% through the\_chapter |
| $quoted |
'%We are 25\% through the\_chapter%' |
| $like |
'columnName' LIKE '%We are 25\% through the\_chapter%' |
Пример можно сделать более гибким, если заменить все пробелы символом «%» (напомним, что в контексте MySQL он обозначает любое кол-во символов). В итоге получаем код следующего вида:
// разделяем исходную строку по пробельным символам
$words = preg_split('~[\s,\.]+~', $searchFor);
// перебираем слова, и экранируем в каждом из них символы
for ($i = 0; $i < count($words); $i ++) {
$words[$i] = $db->getEscaped($words[$i], true);
}
// собираем массив в строку и обрамляем полученную строку кавычками
$quotedSearch = implode('%', $words);
$quotedSearch = $db->Quote('%' . $quotedSearch . '%', false);
// собираем готовый sql
$like = $db->nameQuote('columnName') . ' LIKE ' . $quoted;
Посмотрим значения переменных из этого листинга во время выполнения кода.
| Имя переменой | Значение переменной |
| $searchFor |
We are 25% through the_chapter |
| $words |
array('We', 'are', '25%', 'through', 'the_chapter') |
| $words |
array('We', 'are', '25\%', 'through', 'the\_chapter') |
| $quotedSearch |
We%are%25\%%through%the\_chapter |
| $quotedSearch |
'%We%are%25\%%through%the\_chapter%' |
| $like |
'columnName' LIKE '%We%are%25\%%through%the\_chapter%' |
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